Debain 12 Announcement

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+<define-tag pagetitle>Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> released</define-tag>
+<define-tag release_date>2023-06-10</define-tag>
+#use wml::debian::news
+
+<p>After 1 year, 9 months, and 28 days of development, the Debian 
+project is proud to present its new stable version 12 (code name <q>bookworm</q>).</p>
+
+<p><q>bookworm</q> will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the 
+combined work of the <a href="https://security-team.debian.org/">Debian Security team</a> 
+and the <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS">Debian Long Term Support</a> team.</p>
+
+<p>Following the <a href="$(HOME)/vote/2022/vote_003">2022 General Resolution about non-free firmware</a>, 
+we have introduced a new archive area making it possible to separate non-free 
+firmware from the other non-free packages:
+<ul>
+<li>non-free-firmware</li>
+</ul>
+
+Most non-free firmware packages have been moved from  <b>non-free</b> to 
+<b>non-free-firmware</b>. This separation makes it possible to build a variety 
+of official installation images.
+</p>
+
+<p>Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> ships with several desktop environments, such as:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Gnome 43,</li>
+<li>KDE Plasma 5.27,</li>
+<li>LXDE 11,</li>
+<li>LXQt 1.2.0,</li>
+<li>MATE 1.26,</li>
+<li>Xfce 4.18</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>This release contains over <b>11,089</b> new packages for a total count of <b>64,419</b> 
+packages, while over <b>6,296</b> packages have been removed as <q>obsolete</q>. <b>43,254</b>
+packages were updated in this release.
+
+The overall disk usage for <q>bookworm</q> is <b>365,016,420 kB (365 GB)</b>, and is made up 
+of <b>1,341,564,204</b> lines of code.</p> 
+
+<p><q>bookworm</q> has more translated man pages than ever thanks to our 
+translators who have made <b>man</b>-pages available in multiple languages 
+such as: Czech, Danish, Greek, Finnish, Indonesian, Macedonian, 
+Norwegian (Bokmål), Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese. 
+All of the <b>systemd</b> man pages are now completely available in German.</p>
+
+<p>The Debian Med Blend introduces a new package: <b>shiny-server</b> which 
+simplifies scientific web applications using  <b>R</b>.  We have kept to our 
+efforts of providing Continuous Integration support for Debian Med team 
+packages. Install the metapackages at version 3.8.x for Debian bookworm.</p>
+
+<p>The Debian Astro Blend continues to provide a one-stop solution for 
+professional astronomers, enthusiasts, and hobbyists with updates to almost 
+all versions of the software packages in the blend. <b>astap</b> and 
+<b>planetary-system-stacker</b> help with image stacking and astrometry 
+resolution. <b> openvlbi</b>, the open source correlator, is now 
+included.</p>
+
+<p>Support for Secure Boot on ARM64 has been reintroduced: users of UEFI-capable 
+ARM64 hardware can boot with Secure Boot mode enabled to take full advantage of 
+the security feature.</p>
+
+<p>Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> includes numerous updated software packages 
+(over 67% of all packages from the previous release), such as:
+
+<ul>
+<li>Apache 2.4.57</li>
+<li>BIND DNS Server 9.18</li>
+<li>Cryptsetup 2.6</li>
+<li>Dovecot MTA 2.3.19</li>
+<li>Emacs 28.2</li>
+<li>Exim (default email server) 4.96</li>
+<li>GIMP 2.10.34</li>
+<li>GNU Compiler Collection 12.2</li>
+<li>GnuPG 2.2.40</li>
+<li>Inkscape 1.2.2</li>
+<li>The GNU C Library 2.36</li>
+<li>lighthttpd 1.4.69</li>
+<li>LibreOffice 7.4</li>
+<li>Linux kernel 6.1 series</li>
+<li>LLVM/Clang toolchain 13.0.1, 14.0 (default), and 15.0.6</li>
+<li>MariaDB 10.11</li>
+<li>Nginx 1.22</li>
+<li>OpenJDK 17</li>
+<li>OpenLDAP 2.5.13</li>
+<li>OpenSSH 9.2p1</li>
+<li>Perl 5.36</li>
+<li>PHP 8.2</li>
+<li>Postfix MTA 3.7</li>
+<li>PostgreSQL 15</li>
+<li>Python 3, 3.11.2</li>
+<li>Rustc 1.63</li>
+<li>Samba 4.17</li>
+<li>systemd 252</li>
+<li>Vim 9.0</li>
+</ul>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide 
+architecture support, Debian once again stays true to its goal of being 
+<q>The Universal Operating System</q>. It is suitable for many different 
+use cases: from desktop systems to netbooks; from development servers to 
+cluster systems; and for database, web, and storage servers. At the same 
+time, additional quality assurance efforts like automatic installation and 
+upgrade tests for all packages in Debian's archive ensure that <q>bookworm</q> 
+fulfills the high expectations that users have of a stable Debian release.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A total of nine architectures are officially supported for <q>bookworm</q>:
+<ul>
+<li>32-bit PC (i386) and 64-bit PC (amd64),</li>
+<li>64-bit ARM (arm64),</li>
+<li>ARM EABI (armel),</li>
+<li>ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf),</li>
+<li>little-endian MIPS (mipsel),</li>
+<li>64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el),</li>
+<li>64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el),</li>
+<li>IBM System z (s390x)</li> 
+</ul>
+
+32-bit PC (i386) no longer covers any i586 processor; the new minimum processor 
+requirement is i686. <i>If your machine is not compatible with this requirement, 
+it is recommended that you stay with bullseye for the remainder of its support 
+cycle.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>The Debian Cloud team publishes <q>bookworm</q> for several cloud computing 
+services: 
+<ul>
+<li>Amazon EC2 (amd64 and arm64),</li>
+<li>Microsoft Azure (amd64),</li>
+<li>OpenStack (generic) (amd64, arm64, ppc64el),</li>
+<li>GenericCloud (arm64, amd64),</li>
+<li>NoCloud (amg64, arm64, ppc64el)</li>
+</ul>
+The genericcloud image should be able to run in any virtualised environment, 
+and there is also a nocloud image which is useful for testing the build process.
+</p>
+
+<p>GRUB packages will by default <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#grub-os-prober">no
+longer run os-prober for other operating systems.</a></p>
+
+<p>Between releases, the Technical Committee resolved that Debian <q>bookworm</q> 
+should <a href="$(HOME)/UsrMerge">support only the merged-usr root filesystem layout</a>, dropping support 
+for the non-merged-usr layout. For systems installed as buster or bullseye 
+there will be no changes to the filesystem; however, systems using the older
+layout will be converted during the upgrade.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Want to give it a try?</h3>
+<p>
+If you simply want to try Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> without installing it,
+you can use one of the available <a href="$(HOME)/CD/live/">live images</a> which load and run the
+complete operating system in a read-only state via your computer's memory.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+These live images are provided for the <code>amd64</code> and
+<code>i386</code> architectures and are available for DVDs, USB sticks,
+and netboot setups. The user can choose among different desktop
+environments to try: GNOME, KDE Plasma, LXDE, LXQt, MATE, and Xfce.
+Debian Live <q>bookworm</q> has a standard live image, so it is also possible
+to try a base Debian system without any of the graphical user interfaces.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Should you enjoy the operating system you have the option of installing
+from the live image onto your computer's hard disk. The live image
+includes the Calamares independent installer as well as the standard Debian Installer.
+More information is available in the
+<a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/releasenotes">release notes</a> and the
+<a href="$(HOME)/CD/live/">live install images</a> sections of
+the Debian website.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To install Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> directly onto your computer's storage 
+device you can choose from a variety of installation media types to <a href="https://www.debian.org/download">Download</a> 
+such as: Blu-ray Disc, DVD, CD, USB stick, or via a network connection.
+
+See the <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/installmanual">Installation Guide</a> for more details.
+</p>
+
+# Translators: some text taken from: 
+
+<p>
+Debian can now be installed in 78 languages, with most of them available
+in both text-based and graphical user interfaces.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The installation images may be downloaded right now via
+<a href="$(HOME)/CD/torrent-cd/">bittorrent</a> (the recommended method),
+<a href="$(HOME)/CD/jigdo-cd/#which">jigdo</a>, or
+<a href="$(HOME)/CD/http-ftp/">HTTP</a>; see
+<a href="$(HOME)/CD/">Debian on CDs</a> for further information. <q>bookworm</q> will
+soon be available on physical DVD, CD-ROM, and Blu-ray Discs from
+numerous <a href="$(HOME)/CD/vendors">vendors</a> too.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>Upgrading Debian</h3>
+<p>
+Upgrades to Debian 12 <q>bookworm</q> from the previous release, Debian 11
+<q>bullseye</q>, are automatically handled by the APT package 
+management tool for most configurations.
+</p>
+
+<p>Before upgrading your system, it is strongly recommended that you make a 
+full backup, or at least back up any data or configuration information you 
+can't afford to lose. The upgrade tools and process are quite reliable, but 
+a hardware failure in the middle of an upgrade could result in a severely 
+damaged system.
+
+The main things you'll want to back up are the contents of /etc, 
+/var/lib/dpkg, /var/lib/apt/extended_states and the output of:
+
+<code>$ dpkg --get-selections '*' # (the quotes are important)</code>
+      
+<p>We welcome any information from users related to the upgrade from <q>bullseye</q> 
+to <q>bookworm</q>. Please share information by filing a bug in the 
+<a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-about.en.html#upgrade-reports">Debian
+bug tracking system</a> using the <b>upgrade-reports</b> package with your results.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There has been a lot of development to the Debian Installer resulting in 
+improved hardware support and other features such as fixes to graphical 
+support on UTM, fixes to the GRUB font loader, removing the long wait at
+the end of the installation process, and fixes to the detection of BIOS-bootable
+systems. This version of the Debian Installer may enable non-free-firmware
+where needed.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>ntp</b> package has been replaced with the <b>ntpsec</b> package,
+with the default system clock service now being <b>systemd-timesyncd</b>; there
+is also support for <b>chrony</b> and <b>openntpd</b>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>As <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#non-free-split"> <b>non-free</b> 
+firmware has been moved to its own component in the archive</a>, if you have non-free
+firmware installed it is recommended to add <b>non-free-firmware</b> to your 
+APT sources-list.</p>
+
+<p>It is advisable to remove bullseye-backports entries from APT source-list 
+files before the upgrade; after the upgrade consider adding <b>bookworm-backports</b>.
+
+<p>
+For <q>bookworm</q>, the security suite is named <b>bookworm-security</b>; users 
+should adapt their APT source-list files accordingly when upgrading.
+
+If your APT configuration also involves pinning or <code>APT::Default-Release</code>,  
+it is likely to require adjustments to allow the upgrade of packages to the new 
+stable release. Please consider <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html#disable-apt-pinning">disabling APT pinning</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>The OpenLDAP 2.5 upgrade includes some <a href="$(HOME)/releases/testing/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#openldap-2.5">incompatible changes
+which may require manual intervention</a>. Depending on configuration the
+<b>slapd</b> service may remain stopped after the upgrade until new 
+configuration updates are completed.</p>
+
+
+<p>The new <b>systemd-resolved</b> package will not be installed automatically 
+on upgrades as it <a href="$(HOME)/releases/testing/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#systemd-resolved">has been split
+into a separate package</a>. If using the systemd-resolved system service, please install the new package manually after
+the upgrade, and note that until it has been installed, DNS resolution may no 
+longer work as the service will not be present on the system.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>There are some <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#changes-to-system-logging">changes to system logging</a>;
+the <b>rsyslog</b> package is no longer needed on most systems, and is not installed
+by default. Users may change to <b>journalctl</b> or use the new
+<q>high precision timestamps</q> that <b>rsyslog</b> now uses.
+</p>
+
+
+<p><a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html#trouble">Possible issues during the upgrade</a> include
+Conflicts or Pre-Depends loops which can be solved by removing and eliminating
+some packages or forcing the re-installation of other packages. Additional 
+concerns are <q>Could not perform immediate configuration ...</q> errors for which
+one will need to keep <b>both</b> <q>bullseye</q> (that was just removed) and 
+<q>bookworm</q> (that was just added) in the APT source-list file, and 
+File Conflicts which may require one to forcibly remove packages.
+As mentioned, backing the system up is the key to a smooth upgrade should any 
+untoward errors occur.</p> 
+
+
+<p>There are some packages where Debian cannot promise to provide minimal 
+backports for security issues. Please see the <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#limited-security-support">Limitations
+in security support</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+As always, Debian systems may be upgraded painlessly, in place,
+without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read
+the <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/releasenotes">release notes</a> as
+well as the <a href="$(HOME)/releases/bookworm/installmanual">installation
+guide</a> for possible issues, and for detailed instructions on
+installing and upgrading. The release notes will be further improved and
+translated to additional languages in the weeks after the release.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2>About Debian</h2>
+
+<p>
+Debian is a free operating system, developed by
+thousands of volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the
+Internet. The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its
+dedication to the Debian Social Contract and Free Software, and its
+commitment to provide the best operating system possible. This new
+release is another important step in that direction.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2>Contact Information</h2>
+
+<p>
+For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at
+<a href="$(HOME)/">https://www.debian.org/</a> or send mail to
+&lt;press@debian.org&gt;.
+</p>
+